Ilorin Journal of Administration and Development (ISSN: 2536-7358) is a bi-annual multidisciplinary publication of the Department of Public Administration of University of Ilorin, Nigeria. IJAD welcomes conceptual, theoretical, empirical and policy research papers particularly where such contribute to the dissemination of ideas in the broad areas of Public Administration, Management, Public Policy and Globalisation, Development Studies, Political Science, Organisational Management, Social Milieu, Geo-Informatics, Business Administration, Gender Studies, Conflict, Peace and Security, Climate Change, Industrial Relations & Personnel Management, Community Development, Financial Management, Tourism, Environmental issues and other related fields. It invites scholars and researchers from management and social sciences, humanities and other relevant disciplines to make scholarly contributions to its June and December editions every year. The central focus of IJAD is to provoke fresh insight on the nexus between administration and development by providing a platform for critical and vibrant intellectual confrontation on existing and emerging issues in Africa and the world.